华盛顿告别演说 Farewell Address — George Washington · 乔治·华盛顿

Friends and Citizens:

The period for a new election of a citizen to administerv. /ədˈmɪnɪstər/ 执掌，治理 the executive government of the United States being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed withphr. /kloʊðd wɪð/ 被授予（职位、权力） that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conducev. /kənˈduːs/ 有助于，促成 to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprisev. /əˈpraɪz/ 告知，通知 you of the resolution I have formed, to declinev. /dɪˈklaɪn/ 婉拒，谢绝 being considered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made.

Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicituden. /səˈlɪsɪtuːd/ 牵挂，关切 for your welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and the apprehensionn. /ˌæprɪˈhenʃn/ 忧惧，忧虑 of danger, natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present, to offer to your solemn contemplationn. /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃn/ 凝视，深思, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentimentsn. /ˈsentɪmənts/ 见解，意见 which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicityn. /fəˈlɪsəti/ 幸福，福乐 as a people. These will be offered to you with the more freedom, as you can only see in them the disinterestedadj. /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/ 无私的，无个人利害的 warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive to biasv. /ˈbaɪəs/ 使有偏颇，左右 his counsel. Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indulgentadj. /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/ 宽容的，纵容的 reception of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.

Interwovenadj. /ˌɪntərˈwoʊvən/ 交织在一起的 as is the love of liberty with every ligamentn. /ˈlɪɡəmənt/ 韧带，纽带 of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortifyv. /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/ 加固，增强 or confirm the attachment.

The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edificen. /ˈedɪfɪs/ 大厦（喻指体系、构造） of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artificesn. /ˈɑːrtɪfɪsɪz/ 诡计，巧饰的手段 employed to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertlyadv. /ˈkoʊvərtli/ 隐蔽地，暗地里 and insidiouslyadv. /ɪnˈsɪdiəsli/ 阴险地，暗中害人地) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladiumn. /pəˈleɪdiəm/ 守护神物，安全保障 of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancingv. /dɪsˈkaʊntənənsɪŋ/ 不赞同，反对 whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienatev. /ˈeɪliəneɪt/ 使疏离，使脱离 any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeblev. /ɪnˈfiːbl/ 削弱，使衰弱 the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.

The North, in an unrestrainedadj. /ˌʌnrɪˈstreɪnd/ 不受限制的，自由的 intercoursen. /ˈɪntərkɔːrs/ 往来，交往 with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds in the productions of the latter great additional resources of maritimeadj. /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ 海上的，航海的 and commercial enterprise and precious materials of manufacturing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular navigation invigoratedadj. /ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪtɪd/ 得到增强的，充满活力的; and, while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength, to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, in a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior communications by land and water, will more and more find a valuable ventn. /vent/ 出口，销路 for the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort, and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissolubleadj. /ˌɪndɪˈsɑːljəbl/ 不可分解的，牢不可破的 community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostateadj. /əˈpɑːsteɪt/ 背弃的，变节的 and unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precariousadj. /prɪˈkeriəs/ 不稳固的，靠不住的.

In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminationsn. /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃnz/ 区分，判别, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designingadj. /dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ/ 心怀叵测的，有企图的 men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedientsn. /ɪkˈspiːdiənts/ 手段，权宜之计 of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburningsn. /ˈhɑːrtbɜːrnɪŋz/ 积怨，怨愤 which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternaladj. /frəˈtɜːrnl/ 兄弟般的 affection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; they have seen, in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event, throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagatedv. /ˈprɑːpəɡeɪtɪd/ 散布，传播 among them of a policy in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi; they have been witnesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with Spain, which secure to them everything they could desire, in respect to our foreign relations, towards confirming their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the Union by which they were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would severv. /ˈsevər/ 割裂，使分离 them from their brethren and connect them with aliensn. /ˈeɪliənz/ 异邦人，外国人?

I have already intimatedv. /ˈɪntɪmeɪtɪd/ 暗示，提示 to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensiveadj. /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/ 全面的，广泛的 view, and warn you in the most solemnadj. /ˈsɑːləm/ 郑重的，庄严的 manner against the banefuladj. /ˈbeɪnfl/ 有害的，致命的 effects of the spirit of party generally.

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparableadj. /ɪnˈseprəbl/ 不可分离的 from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifledv. /ˈstaɪfld/ 被窒息，被压制, controlled, or repressedv. /rɪˈprest/ 被压制，被镇压; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest ranknessn. /ˈræŋknəs/ 猖獗，蔓生（本义：过于繁茂）, and is truly their worst enemy.

The alternate domination of one factionn. /ˈfækʃn/ 派系，宗派 over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissensionn. /dɪˈsenʃn/ 纷争，内讧, which in different ages and countries has perpetratedv. /ˈpɜːrpətreɪtɪd/ 犯下（罪行、暴行） the most horrid enormitiesn. /ɪˈnɔːrmətiz/ 暴行，穷凶极恶之事, is itself a frightful despotismn. /ˈdespətɪzəm/ 专制，暴政. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and reposen. /rɪˈpoʊz/ 安宁，安息 in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailingadj. /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/ 占上风的，得势的 faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of public liberty.

It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeblev. /ɪnˈfiːbl/ 削弱，使无力 the public administration. It agitatesv. /ˈædʒɪteɪts/ 煽动，搅动 the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosityn. /ˌænɪˈmɑːsəti/ 仇恨，敌意 of one part against another, fomentsv. /ˈfɑːments/ 挑起，煽动 occasionally riot and insurrectionn. /ˌɪnsəˈrekʃn/ 暴动，叛乱. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitatedadj. /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtɪd/ 被便利化的，更易得手的 access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another.

Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and morality enjoinv. /ɪnˈdʒɔɪn/ 责令，要求 this conduct; and can it be, that good policy does not equally enjoin it - It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and at no distant period, a great nation, to give to mankind the magnanimousadj. /mæɡˈnænɪməs/ 宽宏大量的，高尚的 and too noveladj. /ˈnɑːvl/ 新奇的，罕见的 example of a people always guided by an exaltedadj. /ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/ 崇高的，高尚的 justice and benevolencen. /bəˈnevələns/ 仁爱，善意. Who can doubt that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by a steady adherencen. /ədˈhɪrəns/ 坚守，奉行 to it ? Can it be that Providencen. /ˈprɑːvɪdəns/ 上苍，天意 has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue ? The experiment, at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennoblesv. /ɪˈnoʊblz/ 使高贵，使崇高 human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible by its vices?

So likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation for another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusionn. /ɪˈluːʒn/ 错觉，幻觉 of an imaginary common interest in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmitiesn. /ˈenmətiz/ 敌意，仇恨 of the other, betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars of the latter without adequate inducementn. /ɪnˈduːsmənt/ 动因，诱因 or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of privileges denied to others which is apt doubly to injure the nation making the concessions; by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a disposition to retaliatev. /rɪˈtælieɪt/ 报复，反击, in the parties from whom equal privileges are withheldv. /wɪðˈheld/ 被扣留，被拒给. And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country, without odiumn. /ˈoʊdiəm/ 憎恶，恶名, sometimes even with popularity; gildingv. /ˈɡɪldɪŋ/ 镀金，粉饰, with the appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuationn. /ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃn/ 痴迷，昏聩.

Against the insidious wilesn. /waɪlz/ 诡计，伎俩 of foreign influence (I conjurev. /ˈkʌndʒər/ 恳求，祈求 you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. But that jealousy to be useful must be impartialadj. /ɪmˈpɑːrʃl/ 不偏不倚的，公正的; else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuatev. /ˈæktʃueɪt/ 驱动，促使 to see danger only on one side, and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots who may resist the intriguesn. /ɪnˈtriːɡz/ 阴谋，密谋 of the favorite are liable to become suspected and odiousadj. /ˈoʊdiəs/ 可憎的，令人厌恶的, while its tools and dupesn. /duːps/ 受骗者，被利用的人 usurpv. /juːˈzɜːrp/ 篡夺，侵占 the applause and confidence of the people, to surrender their interests.

The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagementsn. /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənts/ 约定，承诺（此处指条约义务）, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversiesn. /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrziz/ 争执，纷争, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicatev. /ˈɪmplɪkeɪt/ 使牵连，使卷入 ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudesn. /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz/ 变迁，盛衰更迭 of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisionsn. /kəˈlɪʒnz/ 碰撞，冲突 of her friendships or enmities.

Why foregov. /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/ 放弃，舍弃 the advantages of so peculiar a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweavingv. /ˌɪntərˈwiːvɪŋ/ 使交织，使纠缠 our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entanglev. /ɪnˈtæŋɡl/ 使缠住，使卷入 our peace and prosperity in the toilsn. /tɔɪlz/ 罗网，圈套 of European ambition, rivalshipn. /ˈraɪvlʃɪp/ 争霸，竞争, interest, humor or capricen. /kəˈpriːs/ 任性，反复无常?

It is our true policy to steer clear ofphr. /stɪr klɪr əv/ 避开，绕开 permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizingv. /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/ 赞同，支持（某做法） infidelityn. /ˌɪnfɪˈdeləti/ 背信，不忠 to existing engagements. I hold the maximn. /ˈmæksɪm/ 格言，准则 no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.

Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishmentsn. /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənts/ 建制，常设机构（此处指军备） on a respectable defensive posturen. /ˈpɑːstʃər/ 态势，姿态, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergenciesn. /iˈmɜːrdʒənsiz/ 紧急事变，非常时期.

Though, in reviewing the incidents of my administration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I am nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseechv. /bɪˈsiːtʃ/ 恳求，哀求 the Almighty to avertv. /əˈvɜːrt/ 避免，消除 or mitigatev. /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ 减轻，缓和 the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgencen. /ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/ 宽容，体谅; and that, after forty five years of my life dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consignedv. /kənˈsaɪnd/ 交付，托付 to oblivionn. /əˈblɪviən/ 遗忘，湮没, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest.

Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and actuatedv. /ˈæktʃueɪtɪd/ 被驱使，被推动 by that fervent love towards it, which is so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitorsn. /proʊˈdʒenətərz/ 祖先，先祖 for several generations, I anticipate with pleasing expectation that retreatn. /rɪˈtriːt/ 退隐（之所） in which I promise myself to realize, without alloyn. /ˈælɔɪ/ 杂质，掺杂物, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benignadj. /bɪˈnaɪn/ 温和的，仁厚的 influence of good laws under a free government, the ever-favorite object of my heart, and the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers.

Geo. Washington