拿着粪耙的人 The Man with the Muck-rake — Theodore Roosevelt

Over a century ago Washington laid the corner stonen. /ˈkɔːrnər stoʊn/ 奠基石 of the Capitol in what was then little more than a tractn. /trækt/ 一片土地，地带 of wooded wildernessn. /ˈwɪldərnəs/ 荒野，荒地 here beside the Potomac. We now find it necessary to provide by great additional buildings for the business of the government.

This growth in the need for the housing of the government is but a proof and example of the way in which the nation has grown and the spheren. /sfɪr/ 范围，领域 of action of the national government has grown. We now administerv. /ədˈmɪnɪstər/ 管理，治理 the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstrippedv. /ˌaʊtˈstrɪpt/ 被超过，被胜过 by the growth of wealth in complex interests. The material problems that face us today are not such as they were in Washington's time, but the underlyingadj. /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/ 根本的，潜在的 facts of human nature are the same now as they were then. Under altered external form we war with the same tendenciesn. /ˈtendənsiz/ 倾向，趋势 toward evil that were evident in Washington's time, and are helped by the same tendencies for good. It is about some of these that I wish to say a word today.

In Bunyan's “Pilgrim's Progress” you may recallv. /rɪˈkɔːl/ 回想起 the description of the Man with the Muck Rake, the man who could look no way but downward, with the muck raken. /reɪk/ 耙子 in his hand; who was offered a celestialadj. /səˈlestʃəl/ 天上的，神圣的 crown for his muck rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filthn. /fɪlθ/ 污秽，脏物 of the floor.

In “Pilgrim's Progress” the Man with the Muck Rake is set forth as the example of him whose vision is fixed on carnaladj. /ˈkɑːrnl/ 肉欲的，世俗的 instead of spiritual things. Yet he also typifiesv. /ˈtɪpɪfaɪz/ 是……的典型，代表 the man who in this life consistently refuses to see aughtpron. /ɔːt/ 任何事物（古语） that is loftyadj. /ˈlɔːfti/ 高尚的，崇高的, and fixes his eyes with solemnadj. /ˈsɑːləm/ 严肃的，郑重的 intentness only on that which is vileadj. /vaɪl/ 卑劣的，丑恶的 and debasingadj. /dɪˈbeɪsɪŋ/ 使人堕落的.

Now, it is very necessary that we should not flinchv. /flɪntʃ/ 退缩，畏避 from seeing what is vile and debasing. There is filth on the floor, and it must be scrapedv. /skreɪpt/ 刮起，铲除 up with the muck rake; and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed. But the man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes, saveprep. /seɪv/ 除……之外（古语） of his feats with the muck rake, speedilyadv. /ˈspiːdɪli/ 迅速地 becomes, not a help but one of the most potentadj. /ˈpoʊtnt/ 强有力的 forces for evil.

There are in the body politicphr. /ˈbɑːdi ˈpɑːlətɪk/ 政治机体，国家, economic and social, many and graveadj. /ɡreɪv/ 严重的 evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternestadj. /ˈstɜːrnɪst/ 最严厉的，最坚决的 war upon them. There should be relentlessadj. /rɪˈlentləs/ 毫不留情的 exposure of and attack upon every evil man, whether politician or business man, every evil practice, whether in politics, business, or social life. I hail as a benefactorn. /ˈbenɪfæktər/ 恩人，造福者 every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform or in a book, magazine, or newspaper, with mercilessadj. /ˈmɜːrsɪləs/ 无情的 severityn. /sɪˈverəti/ 严厉，严酷 makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful.

The liar is no whit better than the thief, and if his mendacityn. /menˈdæsəti/ 说谎，虚伪 takes the form of slandern. /ˈslændər/ 诽谤，造谣中伤 he may be worse than most thieves. It puts a premiumn. /ˈpriːmiəm/ 奖励，助长 upon knaveryn. /ˈneɪvəri/ 欺诈，无赖行径 untruthfully to attack an honest man, or even with hystericaladj. /hɪˈsterɪkl/ 歇斯底里的 exaggeration to assailv. /əˈseɪl/ 攻击，抨击 a bad man with untruth.

An epidemicn. /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ 流行，泛滥 of indiscriminateadj. /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/ 不分青红皂白的 assault upon character does no good, but very great harm. The soul of every scoundreln. /ˈskaʊndrəl/ 恶棍，无赖 is gladdenedv. /ˈɡlædnd/ 使高兴，使欣慰 whenever an honest man is assailed, or even when a scoundrel is untruthfully assailed.

Now, it is easy to twist out of shapephr. /twɪst aʊt əv ʃeɪp/ 曲解，歪曲 what I have just said, easy to affectv. /əˈfekt/ 假装，装作 to misunderstand it, and if it is slurred overphr. /slɜːrd ˈoʊvər/ 一带而过，轻描淡写 in repetition not difficult really to misunderstand it. Some persons are sincerely incapable of understanding that to denouncev. /dɪˈnaʊns/ 谴责，公开指责 mud slinging does not mean the endorsementn. /ɪnˈdɔːrsmənt/ 认可，背书 of whitewashingn. /ˈwaɪtwɑːʃɪŋ/ 洗白，粉饰; and both the interested individuals who need whitewashing and those others who practice mud slinging like to encourage such confusion of ideas.

One of the chief countsn. /kaʊnts/ 罪状，指控 against those who make indiscriminate assault upon men in business or men in public life is that they invitev. /ɪnˈvaɪt/ 招致，引来 a reaction which is sure to tell powerfully in favor of the unscrupulousadj. /ʌnˈskruːpjələs/ 肆无忌惮的，不择手段的 scoundrel who really ought to be attacked, who ought to be exposed, who ought, if possible, to be put in the penitentiaryn. /ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri/ 监狱，感化院. If Aristides is praised overmuch as just, people get tired of hearing it; and overcensuren. /ˌoʊvərˈsenʃər/ 过分指责 of the unjust finally and from similar reasons results in their favor.

Any excessn. /ɪkˈses/ 过度，过分 is almost sure to invite a reaction; and, unfortunately, the reactions instead of taking the form of punishment of those guilty of the excess, is apt to take the form either of punishment of the unoffending or of giving immunityn. /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ 豁免，免受追究, and even strength, to offenders. The effort to make financial or political profit out of the destruction of character can only result in public calamityn. /kəˈlæməti/ 灾难，祸患. Gross and recklessadj. /ˈrekləs/ 鲁莽的，不顾后果的 assaults on character, whether on the stump or in newspaper, magazine, or book, create a morbidadj. /ˈmɔːrbɪd/ 病态的 and viciousadj. /ˈvɪʃəs/ 恶毒的，堕落的 public sentiment, and at the same time act as a profound deterrentn. /dɪˈtɜːrənt/ 威慑，阻遏因素 to able men of normal sensitivenessn. /ˈsensətɪvnəs/ 敏感，易受触动 and tend to prevent them from entering the public service at any price.

As an instance in point, I may mention that one serious difficulty encounteredv. /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/ 遇到，遭遇 in getting the right type of men to dig the Panama canal is the certainty that they will be exposed, both without, and, I am sorry to say, sometimes within, Congress, to utterly reckless assaults on their character and capacityn. /kəˈpæsəti/ 能力，才干.

At the risk of repetition let me say again that my plea is not for immunity to, but for the most unsparingadj. /ʌnˈsperɪŋ/ 毫不留情的，严酷的 exposure of, the politician who betraysv. /bɪˈtreɪz/ 背叛，辜负 his trust, of the big business man who makes or spends his fortune in illegitimateadj. /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ 非法的，不正当的 or corrupt ways. There should be a resoluteadj. /ˈrezəluːt/ 坚决的，果断的 effort to hunt every such man out of the position he has disgraced. Expose the crime, and hunt down the criminal; but remember that even in the case of crime, if it is attacked in sensational, luridadj. /ˈlʊrɪd/ 耸人听闻的，骇人的, and untruthful fashion, the attack may do more damage to the public mind than the crime itself.

It is because I feel that there should be no rest in the endless war against the forces of evil that I ask the war be conducted with sanityn. /ˈsænəti/ 理智，清醒 as well as with resolutionn. /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ 决心，坚定. The men with the muck rakes are often indispensableadj. /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ 不可或缺的 to the well being of society; but only if they know when to stop raking the muck, and to look upward to the celestial crown above them, to the crown of worthy endeavorn. /ɪnˈdevər/ 努力，事业. There are beautiful things above and round about them; and if they gradually grow to feel that the whole world is nothing but muck, their power of usefulness is gone.

If the whole picture is painted black there remains no huen. /hjuː/ 色调，色彩 whereby to single out the rascalsn. /ˈræsklz/ 无赖，流氓 for distinction from their fellows. Such painting finally inducesv. /ɪnˈduːsɪz/ 引起，导致 a kind of moral color blindness; and people affected by it come to the conclusion that no man is really black, and no man really white, but they are all gray.

In other words, they neither believe in the truth of the attack, nor in the honesty of the man who is attacked; they grow as suspicious of the accusation as of the offense; it becomes well nighadv. /ˌwel ˈnaɪ/ 几乎，近乎 hopeless to stir them either to wrathn. /ræθ/ 愤怒，义愤 against wrongdoing or to enthusiasm for what is right; and such a mental attitude in the public gives hope to every knaven. /neɪv/ 无赖，骗子, and is the despairn. /dɪˈsper/ 绝望，令人绝望之事 of honest men. To assail the great and admitted evils of our political and industrial life with such crude and sweepingadj. /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ 笼统的，一概而论的 generalizations as to include decent men in the general condemnationn. /ˌkɑːndemˈneɪʃn/ 谴责，定罪 means the searingn. /ˈsɪrɪŋ/ 烧灼，麻木 of the public conscience. There results a general attitude either of cynicaladj. /ˈsɪnɪkl/ 愤世嫉俗的，玩世不恭的 belief in and indifference to public corruption or else of a distrustful inability to discriminate between the good and the bad. Either attitude is fraughtadj. /frɔːt/ 充满……的，伴随……的 with untold damage to the country as a whole.

The fool who has not sense to discriminate between what is good and what is bad is well nigh as dangerous as the man who does discriminate and yet chooses the bad. There is nothing more distressing to every good patriot, to every good American, than the hard, scoffingadj. /ˈskɑːfɪŋ/ 嘲弄的，讥笑的 spirit which treats the allegationn. /ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn/ 指控，说法 of dishonesty in a public man as a cause for laughter. Such laughter is worse than the cracklingn. /ˈkræklɪŋ/ 噼啪声 of thornsn. /θɔːrnz/ 荆棘 under a pot, for it denotes not merely the vacant mind, but the heart in which high emotions have been choked before they could grow to fruitionn. /fruˈɪʃn/ 结果，成熟. There is any amount of good in the world, and there never was a time when loftier and more disinterestedadj. /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/ 无私的，不谋私利的 work for the bettermentn. /ˈbetərmənt/ 改善，改良 of mankind was being done than now. The forces that tend for evil are great and terrible, but the forces of truth and love and courage and honesty and generosity and sympathy are also stronger than ever before. It is a foolish and timid, no less than a wicked thing, to blinkv. /blɪŋk/ 无视，视而不见 the fact that the forces of evil are strong, but it is even worse to fail to take into account the strength of the forces that tell for good.

Hysterical sensationalismn. /senˈseɪʃənəlɪzəm/ 耸人听闻，煽情手法 is the poorest weapon wherewith to fight for lasting righteousnessn. /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/ 正义，正直. The men who with stern sobrietyn. /səˈbraɪəti/ 冷静，节制 and truth assail the many evils of our time, whether in the public press, or in magazines, or in books, are the leaders and allies of all engaged in the work for social and political betterment. But if they give good reason for distrust of what they say, if they chill the ardorn. /ˈɑːrdər/ 热情，热忱 of those who demand truth as a primary virtue, they thereby betrayv. /bɪˈtreɪ/ 背叛，辜负 the good cause and play into the hands of the very men against whom they are nominallyadv. /ˈnɑːmɪnəli/ 名义上 at war.

In his Ecclesiastical Polity that fine old Elizabethan divinen. /dɪˈvaɪn/ 神学家，牧师, Bishop Hooker, wrote:

He that goeth about to persuade a multituden. /ˈmʌltɪtuːd/ 大众，民众 that they are not so well governed as they ought to be shall never want attentive and favorable hearers, because they know the manifoldadj. /ˈmænɪfoʊld/ 多种多样的 defects whereunto every kind of regimenn. /ˈredʒɪmən/ 政体，统治方式 is subject, but the secret letsn. /lets/ 障碍，阻碍 and difficulties, which in public proceedings are innumerable and inevitable, they have not ordinarily the judgment to consider. This truth should be kept constantly in mind by every free people desiring to preserve the sanity and poisen. /pɔɪz/ 镇定，从容 indispensable to the permanent success of self-government. Yet, on the other hand, it is vital not to permit this spirit of sanity and self-command to degenerate into mere mental stagnationn. /stæɡˈneɪʃn/ 停滞，僵化. Bad though a state of hysterical excitement is, and evil though the results are which come from the violent oscillationsn. /ˌɑːsɪˈleɪʃnz/ 摇摆，波动 such excitement invariably produces, yet a soddenadj. /ˈsɑːdn/ 麻木的，迟钝的 acquiescencen. /ˌækwiˈesns/ 默许，顺从 in evil is even worse.

At this moment we are passing through a period of great unrestn. /ʌnˈrest/ 动荡，不安—social, political, and industrial unrest. It is of the utmost importance for our future that this should prove to be not the unrest of mere rebelliousnessn. /rɪˈbeliəsnəs/ 叛逆，反叛情绪 against life, of mere dissatisfaction with the inevitableadj. /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ 不可避免的 inequality of conditions, but the unrest of a resoluteadj. /ˈrezəluːt/ 坚定的，果决的 and eager ambition to secure the betterment of the individual and the nation.

So far as this movement of agitationn. /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/ 鼓动，骚动 throughout the country takes the form of a fierce discontentn. /ˌdɪskənˈtent/ 不满 with evil, of a determination to punish the authors of evil, whether in industry or politics, the feeling is to be heartilyadv. /ˈhɑːrtɪli/ 由衷地，热诚地 welcomed as a sign of healthy life.

If, on the other hand, it turns into a mere crusaden. /kruːˈseɪd/ 运动，讨伐 of appetite against appetite, of a contest between the brutaladj. /ˈbruːtl/ 野蛮的，兽性的 greedn. /ɡriːd/ 贪婪 of the “have nots” and the brutal greed of the “haves,” then it has no significance for good, but only for evil. If it seeks to establish a line of cleavagen. /ˈkliːvɪdʒ/ 分裂，裂痕, not along the line which divides good men from bad, but along that other line, running at right angles thereto, which divides those who are well off from those who are less well off, then it will be fraught with immeasurableadj. /ɪˈmeʒərəbl/ 无法估量的 harm to the body politic.

We can no more and no less afford to condonev. /kənˈdoʊn/ 宽恕，纵容 evil in the man of capitaln. /ˈkæpɪtl/ 资本 than evil in the man of no capital. The wealthy man who exultsv. /ɪɡˈzʌlts/ 得意，欢欣 because there is a failure of justice in the effort to bring some trust magnaten. /ˈmæɡneɪt/ 巨头，大亨 to account for his misdeeds is as bad as, and no worse than, the so-called labor leader who clamorouslyadv. /ˈklæmərəsli/ 喧嚷地，吵闹地 strives to excite a foul class feeling on behalf of some other labor leader who is implicatedadj. /ˈɪmplɪkeɪtɪd/ 有牵连的 in murder. One attitude is as bad as the other, and no worse; in each case the accused is entitled to exact justice; and in neither case is there need of action by others which can be construedv. /kənˈstruːd/ 被理解为，被解释为 into an expression of sympathy for crime.

It is a primeadj. /praɪm/ 首要的，根本的 necessity that if the present unrest is to result in permanent good the emotion shall be translated into action, and that the action shall be marked by honesty, sanity, and self-restraintn. /ˌself rɪˈstreɪnt/ 自我克制. There is mighty little good in a mere spasmn. /ˈspæzəm/ 一阵发作，短暂冲动 of reform. The reform that counts is that which comes through steady, continuous growth; violent emotionalismn. /ɪˈmoʊʃənəlɪzəm/ 情绪化，感情用事 leads to exhaustionn. /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/ 耗尽，精疲力竭.

It is important to this people to grapplev. /ˈɡræpl/ 应对，设法解决 with the problems connected with the amassingv. /əˈmæsɪŋ/ 积聚，聚敛 of enormous fortunes, and the use of those fortunes, both corporateadj. /ˈkɔːrpərət/ 公司的，法人的 and individual, in business. We should discriminatev. /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ 区分，辨别 in the sharpest way between fortunes well won and fortunes ill won; between those gained as an incident to performing great services to the community as a whole and those gained in evil fashion by keeping just within the limits of mere law honesty. Of course, no amount of charity in spending such fortunes in any way compensatesv. /ˈkɑːmpenseɪts/ 补偿，抵偿 for misconductn. /ˌmɪsˈkɑːndʌkt/ 不当行为，劣行 in making them.

As a matter of personal convictionn. /kənˈvɪkʃn/ 信念，确信, and without pretending to discuss the details or formulatev. /ˈfɔːrmjuleɪt/ 制定，构想 the system, I feel that we shall ultimately have to consider the adoption of some such scheme as that of a progressive taxphr. /prəˈɡresɪv tæks/ 累进税 on all fortunes, beyond a certain amount, either given in life or devised or bequeathedv. /bɪˈkwiːðd/ 遗赠 upon death to any individual—a tax so framed as to put it out of the power of the owner of one of these enormous fortunes to hand on more than a certain amount to any one individual; the tax of course, to be imposed by the national and not the state government. Such taxation should, of course, be aimed merely at the inheritancen. /ɪnˈherɪtəns/ 继承，遗产 or transmission in their entirety of those fortunes swollen beyond all healthy limits. Again, the national government must in some form exercise supervisionn. /ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒn/ 监督，监管 over corporations engaged in interstateadj. /ˌɪntərˈsteɪt/ 州际的 business—and all large corporations engaged in interstate business—whether by license or otherwise, so as to permit us to deal with the far reaching evils of overcapitalizationn. /ˌoʊvərˌkæpɪtələˈzeɪʃn/ 资本过度膨胀.

This year we are making a beginning in the direction of serious effort to settle some of these economic problems by the railway rate legislationn. /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ 立法，法规. Such legislation, if so framed, as I am sure it will be, as to secure definite and tangibleadj. /ˈtændʒəbl/ 切实的，有形的 results, will amount to something of itself; and it will amount to a great deal more in so far as it is taken as a first step in the direction of a policy of superintendencen. /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendəns/ 监督管理 and control over corporate wealth engaged in interstate commerce; this superintendence and control not to be exercised in a spirit of malevolencen. /məˈlevələns/ 恶意，敌意 toward the men who have created the wealth, but with the firm purpose both to do justice to them and to see that they in their turn do justice to the public at large.

The first requisiten. /ˈrekwəzɪt/ 必要条件，必备素质 in the public servants who are to deal in this shape with corporations, whether as legislators or as executives, is honesty. This honesty can be no respecter of personsphr. /rɪˈspektər əv ˈpɜːrsnz/ 看人下菜碟者，区别对待者. There can be no such thing as unilateraladj. /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/ 单方面的 honesty. The danger is not really from corrupt corporations; it springs from the corruptionn. /kəˈrʌpʃn/ 腐败，贪污 itself, whether exercised for or against corporations.

The eighth commandmentn. /kəˈmændmənt/ 诫命，戒律 reads, “Thou shalt not steal.” It does not read, “Thou shalt not steal from the rich man.” It does not read, “Thou shalt not steal from the poor man.” It reads simply and plainly, “Thou shalt not steal.”

No good whatever will come from that warpedadj. /wɔːrpt/ 扭曲的，乖戾的 and mockadj. /mɑːk/ 虚假的，伪装的 morality which denouncesv. /dɪˈnaʊnsɪz/ 谴责，斥责 the misdeeds of men of wealth and forgets the misdeeds practiced at their expense; which denounces briberyn. /ˈbraɪbəri/ 贿赂, but blinds itself to blackmailn. /ˈblækmeɪl/ 敲诈，勒索; which foams with rage if a corporation secures favors by improper methods, and merely leersv. /lɪrz/ 斜眼而笑，不怀好意地笑 with hideous mirthn. /mɜːrθ/ 欢笑，嬉笑 if the corporation is itself wronged.

The only public servant who can be trusted honestly to protect the rights of the public against the misdeeds of a corporation is that public man who will just as surely protect the corporation itself from wrongful aggressionn. /əˈɡreʃn/ 侵犯，侵害.

If a public man is willing to yield to popular clamorn. /ˈklæmər/ 喧嚷，鼓噪 and do wrong to the men of wealth or to rich corporations, it may be set down as certain that if the opportunity comes he will secretly and furtivelyadv. /ˈfɜːrtɪvli/ 偷偷摸摸地 do wrong to the public in the interest of a corporation.

But in addition to honesty, we need sanity. No honesty will make a public man useful if that man is timid or foolish, if he is a hot-headed zealotn. /ˈzelət/ 狂热分子 or an impracticableadj. /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/ 不切实际的，行不通的 visionaryn. /ˈvɪʒəneri/ 空想家. As we strive for reform we find that it is not at all merely the case of a long uphill pull. On the contrary, there is almost as much of breechingn. /ˈbriːtʃɪŋ/ 尻带（挽具部件） work as of collar work. To depend only on tracesn. /ˈtreɪsɪz/ 挽绳，缰绳 means that there will soon be a runaway and an upset.

The men of wealth who today are trying to prevent the regulation and control of their business in the interest of the public by the proper government authorities will not succeed, in my judgment, in checking the progress of the movement. But if they did succeed they would find that they had sown the wind and would surely reap the whirlwindphr. /soʊn ðə wɪnd ... riːp ðə ˈwɜːrlwɪnd/ 种下风，必收获暴风（自食其果）, for they would ultimately provoke the violent excesses which accompany a reform coming by convulsionn. /kənˈvʌlʃn/ 剧变，动乱 instead of by steady and natural growth.

On the other hand, the wild preachers of unrest and discontent, the wild agitators against the entire existing order, the men who act crookedly, whether because of sinisteradj. /ˈsɪnɪstər/ 邪恶的，居心不良的 design or from mere puzzle headedness, the men who preach destruction without proposing any substituten. /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/ 替代品，替代方案 for what they intend to destroy, or who propose a substitute which would be far worse than the existing evils—all these men are the most dangerous opponents of real reform. If they get their way they will lead the people into a deeper pit than any into which they could fall under the present system. If they fail to get their way they will still do incalculableadj. /ɪnˈkælkjələbl/ 无法估量的 harm by provoking the kind of reaction which in its revolt against the senseless evil of their teaching would enthronev. /ɪnˈθroʊn/ 使登位，使牢固确立 more securely than ever the evils which their misguided followers believe they are attacking.

More important than aughtpron. /ɔːt/ 任何事物（古语） else is the development of the broadest sympathy of man for man. The welfare of the wage worker, the welfare of the tillern. /ˈtɪlər/ 耕种者，农夫 of the soil, upon these depend the welfare of the entire country; their good is not to be sought in pulling down others; but their good must be the prime object of all our statesmanshipn. /ˈsteɪtsmənʃɪp/ 治国才能，政治智慧.

Materially we must strive to secure a broader economic opportunity for all men, so that each shall have a better chance to show the stuff of which he is made. Spiritually and ethicallyadv. /ˈeθɪkli/ 伦理上，道德上 we must strive to bring about clean living and right thinking. We appreciate that the things of the body are important; but we appreciate also that the things of the soul are immeasurablyadv. /ɪˈmeʒərəbli/ 无可估量地 more important.

The foundation stonen. /faʊnˈdeɪʃn stoʊn/ 基石，根本 of national life is, and ever must be, the high individual character of the average citizen.