十四点和平原则 Fourteen Points — Woodrow Wilson

Gentlemen of the Congress:

Once more, as repeatedly before, the spokesmenn. /ˈspoʊksmən/ 代言人，发言人 of the Central Empires have indicated their desire to discuss the objects of the war and the possible basis of a general peace. Parleysn. /ˈpɑːrli/ 谈判，非正式会谈（parley 的复数） have been in progress at Brest-Litovsk between Russian representatives and representatives of the Central Powers to which the attention of all the belligerentsn. /bəˈlɪdʒərənts/ 交战国，交战方 has been invited for the purpose of ascertainingv. /ˌæsərˈteɪnɪŋ/ 查明，确定 whether it may be possible to extend these parleys into a general conference with regard tophr. /wɪð rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː/ 关于，就……而言 terms of peace and settlement.

The Russian representatives presented not only a perfectly definite statement of the principles upon which they would be willing to conclude peace, but also an equally definite program of the concreteadj. /ˈkɑːnkriːt/ 具体的，实在的 application of those principles. The representatives of the Central Powers, on their part, presented an outline of settlement which, if much less definite, seemed susceptibleadj. /səˈseptəbl/ 可作……解释的，能容纳……的（susceptible of） of liberal interpretation until their specific program of practical terms was added. That program proposed no concessionsn. /kənˈseʃnz/ 让步，妥协 at all, either to the sovereigntyn. /ˈsɑːvrənti/ 主权 of Russia or to the preferences of the populations with whose fortunes it dealt, but meant, in a word, that the Central Empires were to keep every foot of territory their armed forces had occupied--every province, every city, every point of vantagephr. /pɔɪnt əv ˈvæntɪdʒ/ 有利位置，制高点 as a permanent addition to their territories and their power.

It is a reasonable conjecturen. /kənˈdʒektʃər/ 推测，猜想 that the general principles of settlement which they at first suggested originatedv. /əˈrɪdʒəneɪtɪd/ 发源，出自（originate 的过去式） with the more liberal statesmen of Germany and Austria, the men who have begun to feel the force of their own peoples' thought and purpose, while the concrete terms of actual settlement came from the military leaders who have no thought but to keep what they have got. The negotiations have been broken off. The Russian representatives were sincere and in earnestphr. /ɪn ˈɜːrnɪst/ 认真，郑重其事. They cannot entertainv. /ˌentərˈteɪn/ 考虑，接受（某种想法） such proposals of conquestn. /ˈkɑːŋkwest/ 征服，侵占 and dominationn. /ˌdɑːmɪˈneɪʃn/ 支配，统治.

The whole incident is full of significance. It is also full of perplexityn. /pərˈpleksəti/ 困惑，费解. With whom are the Russian representatives dealing? For whom are the representatives of the Central Empires speaking? Are they speaking for the majorities of their respectiveadj. /rɪˈspektɪv/ 各自的，分别的 parliaments or for the minority parties, that military and imperialisticadj. /ɪmˌpɪriəˈlɪstɪk/ 帝国主义的 minority which has so far dominatedv. /ˈdɑːmɪneɪtɪd/ 支配，主宰（dominate 的过去分词） their whole policy and controlled the affairs of Turkey and of the Balkan States which have felt obligedadj. /əˈblaɪdʒd/ 不得不的，被迫的 to become their associatesn. /əˈsoʊsiəts/ 同伙，伙伴 in this war?

The Russian representatives have insisted, very justly, very wisely, and in the true spirit of modern democracy, that the conferences they have been holding with the Teutonicadj. /tuːˈtɑːnɪk/ 条顿的，日耳曼的 and Turkish statesmen should be held within open, not closed, doors, and all the world lies been audience, as was desired. To whom have we been listening, then? To those who speak the spirit and intention of the resolutions of the German Reichstag of the 9th of July last, the spirit and intention of the liberal leaders and parties of Germany, or to those who resist and defyv. /dɪˈfaɪ/ 违抗，公然抗拒 that spirit and intention and insist upon conquest and subjugationn. /ˌsʌbdʒuˈɡeɪʃn/ 征服，压服? Or are we listening, in fact, to both, unreconciledadj. /ʌnˈrekənsaɪld/ 未能调和一致的 and in open and hopeless contradictionn. /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃn/ 矛盾，抵触? These are very serious and pregnantadj. /ˈpreɡnənt/ 意味深长的，蕴含重大的 questions. Upon the answer to them depends the peace of the world.

But whatever the results of the parleys at Brest-Litovsk, whatever the confusions of counseln. /ˈkaʊnsl/ 商议，谋划 and of purpose in the utterancesn. /ˈʌtərənsɪz/ 言论，言辞 of the spokesmen of the Central Empires, they have again attempted to acquaint the world with their objects in the war and have again challenged their adversariesn. /ˈædvərseriz/ 对手，敌方 to say what their objects are and what sort of settlement they would deemv. /diːm/ 认为，视为 just and satisfactory. There is no good reason why that challenge should not be responded to, and responded to with the utmostadj. /ˈʌtmoʊst/ 最大的，极度的 candorn. /ˈkændər/ 坦率，直率. We did not wait for it. Not once, but again and again we have laid our whole thought and purpose before the world, not in general terms only, but each time with sufficient definition to make it clear what sort of definite terms of settlement must necessarily spring out of them. Within the last week Mr. Lloyd George has spoken with admirable candor and in admirable spirit for the people and Government of Great Britain.

There is no confusion of counsel among the adversaries of the Central Powers, no uncertainty of principle, no vaguenessn. /ˈveɪɡnəs/ 含糊，不明确 of detail. The only secrecy of counsel, the only lack of fearless franknessn. /ˈfræŋknəs/ 坦率，直言不讳, the only failure to make definite statement of the objects of the war, lies with Germany and her allies. The issues of life and death hang upon these definitions. No statesman who has the least conception of his responsibility ought for a moment to permit himself to continue this tragical and appallingadj. /əˈpɔːlɪŋ/ 骇人的，令人震惊的 outpouring of blood and treasure unless he is sure beyond a peradventurephr. /bɪˈjɑːnd ə ˌpɜːrəˈventʃər/ 毫无疑问，绝无差错 that the objects of the vital sacrifice are part and parcelphr. /pɑːrt ənd ˈpɑːrsl/ 不可分割的组成部分 of the very life of society and that the people for whom he speaks think them right and imperativeadj. /ɪmˈperətɪv/ 必须的，紧要的 as he does.

There is, moreover, a voice calling for these definitions of principle and of purpose which is, it seems to me, more thrilling and more compellingadj. /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ 不可抗拒的，令人信服的 than any of the many moving voices with which the troubled air of the world is filled. It is the voice of the Russian people. They are prostrateadj. /ˈprɑːstreɪt/ 俯伏的，被击倒的 and all but helpless, it would seem, before the grimadj. /ɡrɪm/ 严酷的，冷酷的 power of Germany, which has hithertoadv. /ˌhɪðərˈtuː/ 迄今，至今 known no relentingn. /rɪˈlentɪŋ/ 心软，留情 and no pity. Their power, apparently, is shattered. And yet their soul is not subservientadj. /səbˈsɜːrviənt/ 屈从的，卑躬屈膝的. They will not yield either in principle or in action. Their conception of what is right, of what is humane and honorable for them to accept, has been stated with a frankness, a largeness of view, a generosity of spirit, and a universal human sympathy which must challenge the admiration of every friend of mankind; and they have refused to compoundv. /kəmˈpaʊnd/ 妥协，折中（compound one's ideals） their ideals or desertv. /dɪˈzɜːrt/ 抛弃，背弃 others that they themselves may be safe.

They call to us to say what it is that we desire, in what, if in anything, our purpose and our spirit differ from theirs; and I believe that the people of the United States would wish me to respond, with utteradj. /ˈʌtər/ 完全的，彻底的 simplicity and frankness. Whether their present leaders believe it or not, it is our heartfeltadj. /ˈhɑːrtfelt/ 由衷的，诚挚的 desire and hope that some way may be opened wherebyadv. /werˈbaɪ/ 借此，凭此 we may be privilegedadj. /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ 有幸的，享有特权的 to assist the people of Russia to attainv. /əˈteɪn/ 达到，实现 their utmost hope of liberty and ordered peace.

It will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforthadv. /ˌhensˈfɔːrθ/ 从此以后 no secret understandings of any kind. The day of conquest and aggrandizementn. /əˈɡrændɪzmənt/ 扩张，扩张权势 is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenantsn. /ˈkʌvənənts/ 盟约，契约 entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-foradj. /ʌnˈlʊkt fɔːr/ 始料未及的 moment to upset the peace of the world. It is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still lingerv. /ˈlɪŋɡər/ 逗留，徘徊 in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avowv. /əˈvaʊ/ 公开承认，坦承 now or at any other time the objects it has in view.

We entered this war because violationsn. /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃnz/ 违反，侵害 of right had occurred which touched us to the quickphr. /tuː ðə kwɪk/ 触及痛处，深深刺痛 and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrencen. /rɪˈkɜːrəns/ 再次发生，复发.

What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiaradj. /pɪˈkjuːliər/ 独有的，特有的 to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutionsn. /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃnz/ 制度，体制, be assuredadj. /əˈʃʊrd/ 有保证的，得到保障的 of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world, as against force and selfish aggressionn. /əˈɡreʃn/ 侵略，侵犯.

All the peoples of the world are in effectphr. /ɪn ɪˈfekt/ 实际上，事实上 partnersn. /ˈpɑːrtnərz/ 伙伴，合伙人 in this interest, and for our own partphr. /fɔːr aʊr oʊn pɑːrt/ 就我们而言 we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us.

The programn. /ˈproʊɡræm/ 纲领，方案 of the world's peace, therefore, is our program; and that program, the only possible program, as we see itphr. /æz wiː ˈsiː ɪt/ 在我们看来, is this:

1. Open covenantsn. /ˈkʌvənənts/ 盟约，契约 of peace must be arrived at, after which there will surely be no private international action or rulings of any kind, but diplomacyn. /dɪˈploʊməsi/ 外交 shall proceedv. /proʊˈsiːd/ 进行，行事 always frankly and in the public viewphr. /ɪn ðə ˈpʌblɪk vjuː/ 在公众视野中，公开地.

2. Absolute freedom of navigationn. /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ 航行，航海 upon the seas, outside territorialadj. /ˌterəˈtɔːriəl/ 领土的 waters, alikeadv. /əˈlaɪk/ 同样地，一视同仁地 in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in partphr. /ɪn hoʊl ɔːr ɪn pɑːrt/ 全部或部分地 by international action for the enforcementn. /ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/ 执行，强制实施 of international covenants.

3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriersn. /ˈbæriərz/ 壁垒，障碍 and the establishmentn. /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ 建立，设立 of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consentingv. /kənˈsentɪŋ/ 同意，赞同（consent 的现在分词） to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenancen. /ˈmeɪntənəns/ 维持，维护.

4. Adequateadj. /ˈædɪkwət/ 充分的，足够的 guaranteesn. /ˌɡærənˈtiːz/ 保证，担保 given and taken that national armamentsn. /ˈɑːrməmənts/ 军备，武装力量 will be reduced to the lowest points consistent withphr. /kənˈsɪstənt wɪð/ 与……相称，与……一致 domesticadj. /dəˈmestɪk/ 国内的，本国的 safety.

5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartialadj. /ɪmˈpɑːrʃl/ 公正的，不偏不倚的 adjustmentn. /əˈdʒʌstmənt/ 调整，协调 of all colonialadj. /kəˈloʊniəl/ 殖民地的 claims, based upon a strict observancen. /əbˈzɜːrvəns/ 遵守，奉行 of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the population concerned must have equal weight with the equitableadj. /ˈekwɪtəbl/ 公平合理的 claims of the government whose titlen. /ˈtaɪtl/ 所有权，主权名义 is to be determined.

6. The evacuationn. /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃn/ 撤出，撤退 of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhamperedadj. /ʌnˈhæmpərd/ 不受妨碍的 and unembarrassedadj. /ˌʌnɪmˈbærəst/ 不受牵制的，无阻碍的 opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accordedv. /əˈkɔːrdɪd/ 给予（accord 的过去分词） Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid testphr. /ˈæsɪd test/ 决定性的考验 of their good will, of their comprehensionn. /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhenʃn/ 理解，领会 of her needs as distinguished fromphr. /æz dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt frəm/ 与……有别，不同于 their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfishadj. /ʌnˈselfɪʃ/ 无私的 sympathy.

7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuatedv. /ɪˈvækjueɪtɪd/ 撤出，撤离（evacuate 的过去分词） and restoredv. /rɪˈstɔːrd/ 恢复，归还（restore 的过去分词）, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healingadj. /ˈhiːlɪŋ/ 治愈的，弥合的 act the whole structure and validityn. /vəˈlɪdəti/ 效力，正当性 of international law is forever impairedv. /ɪmˈperd/ 损害，削弱（impair 的过去分词）.

8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portionsn. /ˈpɔːrʃnz/ 部分，区域 restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettledv. /ʌnˈsetld/ 扰乱，使不安定（unsettle 的过去分词） the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be rightedv. /ˈraɪtɪd/ 纠正，昭雪（right 的过去分词）, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest ofphr. /ɪn ði ˈɪntrəst əv/ 为了……的利益 all.

9. A re-adjustmentn. /ˌriːəˈdʒʌstmənt/ 重新调整 of the frontiersn. /frʌnˈtɪrz/ 边界，国界 of Italy should be effectedv. /ɪˈfektɪd/ 实现，实施（effect 的过去分词） along clearly recognizable lines of nationalityn. /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ 民族，民族归属.

10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguardedv. /ˈseɪfɡɑːrdɪd/ 保障，维护（safeguard 的过去分词） and assuredv. /əˈʃʊrd/ 确保，使确定（assure 的过去分词）, should be accordedv. /əˈkɔːrdɪd/ 给予（accord 的过去分词） the freest opportunity of autonomousadj. /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/ 自治的，自主的 development.

11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counseln. /ˈkaʊnsl/ 商议，协商 along historically established lines of allegiancen. /əˈliːdʒəns/ 效忠，归属 and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrityn. /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ 完整，领土完整 of the several Balkan states should be entered intophr. /ˈentərd ˈɪntuː/ 订立，缔结.

12. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubtedadj. /ʌnˈdaʊtɪd/ 不容置疑的 security of life and an absolutely unmolestedadj. /ˌʌnməˈlestɪd/ 不受干扰的 opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanentlyadv. /ˈpɜːrmənəntli/ 永久地 opened as a free passage to the ships and commercen. /ˈkɑːmɜːrs/ 商业，贸易 of all nations under international guarantees.

13. An independent Polish state should be erectedv. /ɪˈrektɪd/ 建立，竖立（erect 的过去分词） which should include the territories inhabitedv. /ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/ 居住于（inhabit 的过去分词） by indisputablyadv. /ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbli/ 无可争辩地 Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenantn. /ˈkʌvənənt/ 盟约，契约.

14. A general associationn. /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃn/ 联合，联盟 of nations must be formed under specificadj. /spəˈsɪfɪk/ 明确的，具体的 covenants for the purpose of affordingv. /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/ 提供，给予（afford 的现在分词） mutualadj. /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ 相互的，彼此的 guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

In regard to these essential rectificationsn. /ˌrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃnz/ 纠正，矫正 of wrong and assertionsn. /əˈsɜːrʃnz/ 主张，断言 of right, we feel ourselves to be intimateadj. /ˈɪntɪmət/ 亲密的，密切的 partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the imperialistsn. /ɪmˈpɪriəlɪsts/ 帝国主义者. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end.

For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevailv. /prɪˈveɪl/ 获胜，占上风 and desire a just and stableadj. /ˈsteɪbl/ 稳定的，稳固的 peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocationsn. /ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃnz/ 挑衅，导火索 to war, which this program does remove.

We have no jealousyn. /ˈdʒeləsi/ 嫉妒，忌妒 of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it. We grudgev. /ɡrʌdʒ/ 嫉妒，吝于承认（grudge sb sth） her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacificadj. /pəˈsɪfɪk/ 和平的，爱好和平的 enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviableadj. /ˈenviəbl/ 令人羡慕的. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimateadj. /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ 正当的，合法的 influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostileadj. /ˈhɑːstl/ 敌意的，敌对的 arrangements of trade, if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing.

We wish her only to accept a place of equalityn. /iˈkwɑːləti/ 平等 among the peoples of the world--the new world in which we now live--instead of a place of masteryn. /ˈmæstəri/ 支配，统治.

Neither do we presumev. /prɪˈzuːm/ 擅自，冒昧 to suggest to her any alterationn. /ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃn/ 更改，变动 or modification of her institutions. But it is necessary, we must frankly say, and necessary as a preliminaryn. /prɪˈlɪmɪneri/ 前提，预备步骤 to any intelligent dealings with her on our part, that we should know whom her spokesmen speak for when they speak to us, whether for the Reichstag majority or for the military party and the men whose creedn. /kriːd/ 信条，宗旨 is imperialadj. /ɪmˈpɪriəl/ 帝国的，帝国统治的 domination.

We have spoken now, surely, in terms too concrete to admit ofphr. /ədˈmɪt əv/ 容许，留有……余地 any further doubt or question. An evidentadj. /ˈevɪdənt/ 明显的，显然的 principle runs through the whole program I have outlinedv. /ˈaʊtlaɪnd/ 概述，勾画（outline 的过去分词）. It is the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities, and their right to live on equal termsphr. /ɑːn ˈiːkwəl tɜːrmz/ 在平等条件下 of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak.

Unless this principle be made its foundationn. /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ 基础，根基, no part of the structure of international justice can stand. The people of the United States could act upon no other principle, and to the vindicationn. /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/ 证明正当，维护 of this principle they are ready to devotev. /dɪˈvoʊt/ 奉献，献出 their lives, their honor, and everything that they possess. The moral climaxn. /ˈklaɪmæks/ 高潮，顶点 of this, the culminatingadj. /ˈkʌlmɪneɪtɪŋ/ 达到顶点的，最终达到高潮的 and final war for human liberty has come, and they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose, their own integrityn. /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ 正直，操守 and devotionn. /dɪˈvoʊʃn/ 忠诚，献身 to the test.